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The Pluperfect Tense (Le Plus-que-parfait) in French

B1
grammar
plus-que-parfait
exercises
Author

Kunal Khurana

Published

May 20, 2025

Understanding the Pluperfect Tense (Le Plus-que-parfait)

The plus-que-parfait is a past tense in French used to express an action that happened before another past action. It is never used alone; it is always used in relation to another action in the past, often with the passé composé or imparfait.

How to form the plus-que-parfait:
1. Use the imperfect tense (imparfait) of avoir or être (as auxiliary).
2. Add the past participle of the main verb.

Formula:
imparfait of avoir/être + past participle

Examples:
- J’avais mangé (I had eaten)
- Nous étions partis (We had left)

When to use the plus-que-parfait:
- To show that one action happened before another past action:
Quand il est arrivé, j’avais déjà fini mes devoirs.
(When he arrived, I had already finished my homework.) - It is used with the passé composé or imparfait to clarify the sequence of past events.


Exercises

1. Conjugate in the plus-que-parfait

Write the correct form using the imperfect of the auxiliary and the past participle:

  1. Je (parler) avec mon ami.
  2. Nous (finir) nos devoirs.
  3. Tu (avoir) un chien.
  4. Elle (aller) à l’école tous les jours.
  5. Vous (prendre) le bus.
  6. Ils (être) contents.
  7. Nous (manger) avant de sortir.
  8. Je (lire) ce livre.
  9. Tu (voyager) beaucoup.
  10. Elle (faire) du sport.

2. Complete the sentences with the plus-que-parfait

Type the correct form (use the verb in parentheses):

  1. Quand j’ai téléphoné, il (partir).
  2. Nous (terminer) le travail avant midi.
  3. Elle (oublier) ses clés.
  4. Vous (voir) ce film avant?
  5. Ils (prendre) le train.

3. Choose the correct tense: passé composé or plus-que-parfait

Type “passé composé” or “plus-que-parfait” for each blank.

  1. Quand il est arrivé, j’ (déjà manger).
  2. Elle (finir) ses devoirs avant de sortir.
  3. Nous (voir) ce film hier soir.
  4. Tu (oublier) ton livre à la maison.
  5. Ils (prendre) le bus ce matin.

4. Error correction

Each sentence contains a mistake with the use of the plus-que-parfait. Rewrite the sentence correctly.

  1. Quand je suis arrivé, Marie a déjà parti.

  2. Nous avons mangé avant que tu es venu.

  3. Elle avait allé à l’école hier.

5. Story sequencing

Put the following events in the correct order by numbering them (1-4):

  • J’avais déjà pris mon petit-déjeuner.
  • Je me suis réveillé.
  • Je suis parti à l’école.
  • J’ai mis mes vêtements.

6. Write your own sentences

Write 2 sentences using the plus-que-parfait to describe something you had done before another past action.


To consolidate your learning

Write a short paragraph (3-5 sentences) explaining what you have learned about the plus-que-parfait in French. Use your own words and, if possible, give an example.


Notes:

  • The plus-que-parfait is used to talk about an action that happened before another past action.
  • It is formed with the imperfect of avoir or être + past participle.
  • It is always used with another past tense (imparfait or passé composé) to show the sequence of events.
  • Être is used as the auxiliary for verbs of movement and reflexive verbs, just like in the passé composé.
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