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Adjective Constructions: à/de + Noun or Infinitive

A2/B1
grammar
adjectives
exercises
Author

Kunal Khurana

Published

May 12, 2025

Understanding Adjective Constructions

Some French adjectives require à or de when followed by a noun or infinitive. The choice depends on the adjective’s inherent meaning.

1. à/de + Noun

  • à + noun: Indicates purpose, function, or characteristic.
    • Un verre à eau (a water glass) → for water.
    • Une machine à laver (a washing machine) → for washing.
  • de + noun: Indicates material, origin, or possession.
    • Une tasse de thé (a cup of tea).
    • Un livre de français (a French book).

2. à/de + Infinitive

  • à + infinitive: Often implies necessity or purpose.
    • C’est facile à comprendre (It’s easy to understand).
    • Une décision à prendre (a decision to make).
  • de + infinitive: Often implies possibility or consequence.
    • Je suis content de te voir (I’m happy to see you).
    • Il est responsable de terminer (He’s responsible for finishing).

Exercises

1. Choose à or de for nouns:

___ café (tasse) ☕ →

___ pieds (chaussettes) 🧦 →

___ lettres (boîte) 📬 →

___ musique (instrument) 🎻 →

2. Choose à or de for infinitives:

“Elle est prête ___ partir.” ✈️ →

“Ce texte est difficile ___ traduire.” 📝 →

“Je suis fier ___ réussir.” 🏆 →

“Un projet ___ finir.” 📅 →

3. Correct the preposition errors:

“Une fourchette à salade” → (Note: No error! Trick question.)

“Un sac de main” 👜 →

“Content à vous aider” →

4. Translate into French (include prepositions!):

“A spoon for soup.” →

“Happy to help you.” →


Notes:

  • Mnemonics:
    • à = action/purpose (think à table = “for eating”).
    • de = origin/content (think de Paris = “from Paris”).
  • Common Adjective + Infinitive Pairs:
    • à: facile à, prêt à, lent à.
    • de: content de, responsable de, capable de.
  • Exceptions:
    • C’est bon à savoir (It’s good to know) vs. C’est bon de savoir (It feels good to know).
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